Chidule cha mfundo zazikuluzikulu za mapangidwe a PCB: zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira

Printed circuit board (PCB) ndi ulalo wofunikira pakukula kwazinthu zamagetsi. Kapangidwe kabwino ka PCB sikungowonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa dera, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira komanso kuvutikira kukonza. M'munsimu muli mfundo zingapo ndi zinthu zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa pakupanga PCB.

1. Mapangidwe a zojambulajambula za dera

Musanapitirire ndi masanjidwe a PCB, choyamba muyenera kumaliza kamangidwe kachijambula cha dera. Sitepe si maziko a mapangidwe PCB, komanso chofunika kuonetsetsa dera ntchito ndi ntchito. Mukamapanga chojambula cha schematic chozungulira, muyenera kulabadira mfundo izi:

Fotokozani ntchito ndi zofunikira: Kumvetsetsa bwino ntchito ndi zofunikira za dera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapangidwewo akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikirazi.

Sankhani zigawo zoyenera: Sankhani zigawo zoyenera malinga ndi ntchito za dera, poganizira zinthu monga chigawo chogwira ntchito, kulongedza, ndi mtengo.

Chongani ma logo ndi magawo omveka bwino: Onetsetsani kuti ma logo ndi magawo omwe ali pachithunzichi ndi zomveka komanso zolondola kuti muthandizire masanjidwe ndi ma PCB otsatirawa.

2. Kamangidwe koyenera

Kukonzekera kwachigawo koyenera ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti PCB ikugwira ntchito. Masanjidwewo amayenera kuganizira mozama zinthu zambiri monga ntchito yozungulira, kukhulupirika kwa ma sign, kasamalidwe kamafuta, ndi zina. Nazi malingaliro ena a masanjidwe:

Gawo logwira ntchito: Gawani chigawocho kukhala ma modules ogwira ntchito ndikuyika zigawo za ma modules ofanana kuti muchepetse njira zotumizira zizindikiro.

Kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro: Mizere yothamanga kwambiri iyenera kukhala yaifupi komanso yolunjika momwe mungathere kuti musasokonezedwe. Mizere yofunikira monga mizere ya wotchi, mizere yokonzanso, ndi zina zotero, iyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi kumene kumachokera phokoso.

Kasamalidwe ka kutentha: Zida zamphamvu kwambiri ziyenera kugawidwa mofanana, nkhani za kutaya kutentha ziyenera kuganiziridwa, ndipo ma radiator kapena mabowo ochotsera kutentha ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ngati kuli kofunikira.

3. Malamulo a njira

Kuyendetsa ndi ulalo wina wofunikira pamapangidwe a PCB oyenerera amatha kupewa kusokoneza kwa ma sign ndi kuchedwa kutumizira. Izi ndi zina zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa mukamayendetsa:

M'lifupi mwa mizere ndi malo otalikirana: Sankhani mzere woyenera m'lifupi molingana ndi kukula kwakali pano kuti muwonetsetse kuti mzerewo ukhoza kupirira ndi momwemo. Sungani mipata yokwanira pakati pa mizere yazizindikiro zosiyanasiyana kuti mupewe kusokonekera kwa ma sign.

Chiwerengero cha zigawo za mawaya: Zozungulira zovuta nthawi zambiri zimafuna magawo angapo a mawaya amakonza mawaya amtundu uliwonse kuti atsimikizire kugawa bwino kwa mizere yolumikizira ndi mizere yamagetsi.

Pewani kutembenukira chakuthwa: Pewani kutembenukira chakuthwa pamene mukuyenda, ndipo yesani kugwiritsa ntchito kutembenuka kwa 45-degree oblique kuti muchepetse kuwunikira komanso kusokoneza.

4. Mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mapangidwe apansi

Mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mapangidwe apansi ndizomwe zimafunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe a PCB, omwe amakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikika ndi kuthekera kotsutsana ndi kusokoneza kwa dera. Zotsatirazi ndi zoganizira za mphamvu ndi mapangidwe apansi:

Wosanjikiza mphamvu ndi nthaka yosanjikiza: Gwiritsani ntchito wosanjikiza wodziyimira pawokha komanso wosanjikiza pansi kuti muchepetse kutsekeka pakati pa magetsi ndi nthaka ndikuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi.

Decoupling capacitor: Konzani decoupling capacitor pafupi ndi pini yamagetsi kuti musefe phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi azikhala okhazikika.

Ground loop: pewani mapangidwe a loop ndikuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiroma. Mawaya apansi a mizere yofunikira kwambiri ayenera kukhala aafupi komanso olunjika momwe angathere.

5. EMI / EMC kupanga

Mapangidwe a Electromagnetic interference (EMI) ndi electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ndizofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ma PCB amagwira ntchito moyenera m'malo ovuta kwambiri amagetsi. Zotsatirazi ndi malingaliro apangidwe a EMI/EMC:

Kapangidwe kachitetezo: Tetezani ma siginecha owoneka bwino ndi zida zaphokoso kwambiri kuti muchepetse kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiroma.

Kapangidwe kazosefera: Onjezani zosefera pamagetsi ndi mizere yama siginecha kuti musefa ma siginecha a phokoso ndikuwongolera kuyanjana kwamagetsi.

Mapangidwe apansi: Mapangidwe abwino oyambira amatha kupondereza kusokoneza kwa ma electromagnetic ndikuwongolera luso loletsa kusokoneza dera.

6. Kukonzekera ndi Kukonzekera kwa Msonkhano

PCB kapangidwe sayenera kuganizira ntchito dera, komanso kuthekera kwa kupanga ndi msonkhano. Nazi mfundo zofunika kuziganizira popanga ndi kusonkhanitsa:

Kuyika kwa zigawo ndi masitayilo: Sankhani zigawo zomwe zili mu phukusi kuti muwonetsetse kuti pali malo okwanira kuti azitha kuwotcherera ndi kukonza.

Mapangidwe a mfundo zoyesera: Konzani malo oyesera pama node ofunikira kuti muthandizire kuyezetsa madera ndikuthana ndi mavuto.

Kupanga: Kumvetsetsa ndikutsatira ndondomeko ya opanga PCB kuonetsetsa kuti mapangidwewo akukwaniritsa zofunikira zopanga.

Pomaliza

Mapangidwe a PCB ndi njira yovuta komanso yovuta, yomwe imaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri monga kamangidwe kake, kamangidwe ka zigawo, malamulo oyendetsa, magetsi ndi mapangidwe apansi, EMI / EMC kupanga, kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa. Mbali iliyonse imafunikira kuganiziridwa mozama ndi okonza kuti apange bolodi lozungulira ndi ntchito yabwino, yokhazikika komanso yodalirika. Kupyolera mu chidule cha nkhaniyi, ndikuyembekeza kupereka maumboni ndi chitsogozo kwa opanga PCB kuti apititse patsogolo luso ndi luso la mapangidwe a PCB.

• 2024-06-21 08:38:21
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